The stones were exclusively hewn on site and most required a lot of reworking. A construction was thus developed which could be raised hydraulically. After months of working in two shifts, the last stone of the upper compression ring could be placed on 29th July 2001. In 1722 George Baehr, municipal building contractor and architect of the city, started on plans for a new building to replace the small Gothic church, the oldest parish church in the city. A mock-up section was created in the interior of the church building over the entire height of a pier and the adjoining areas to get an impression of the future interior design and fixtures. After the end of WWII, however, neither the Church in the State of Saxony nor the city of Dresden had the funds, let alone technical or personnel resources to launch the rebuilding project on their own. The last pieces of rubble from the west gable were removed from in front of main Entrance D. The Advisory Board had previously decided to include this west gable in the archaeological rebuilding efforts. The canopy was first raised from 45 to 57 m on 24th / 25th April. Gesellschaft zur Förderung des Wiederaufbaus, Livestream der Mitgliederversammlung 2020. For the first time it was possible to imagine the extent of work to come. The stonework ring, on the other hand, rises vertically and will form the outer façade with the first layer of the tambour cornice ring at a height of 37.5 m. Alongside this the staircase towers rise to the heavens like spires, the only difference being there are four of them. The fourth hydraulic lifting operation took place in November 2002 before the canopy construction was retrofitted to complete the neck of the lantern and the lantern itself. A height of approximately 45 m had now been reached. The scaffolding was removed on completion of the laying work for the staircase turrets and jointing work. A roofed drawing floor was mounted in front of the west side where the lagging for the arches between the piers was assembled. A special atmosphere was created by the music from the organ, designed with great care by Gottfried Silbermann. The five attic layers above the main cornice followed. When construction lot 3 was completed on 31st March 1999, the outer walls, spar-type frames and staircases had reached a height of 24.30 m. The steel structure for the five galleries had been erected and the piers built to 18.37 m. The Frauenkirche foundation noted that thanks to the great commitment of all people involved, construction work was progressing much faster than scheduled (completion scheduled for the end of 1999). This helped minimize the influence of the weather on the exposed sandstone work during construction and comply with the special requirements on stone work quality. The installation of a new canopy was the prerequisite for the construction of the lantern which began on September 1 and reached a height of 77.20 m by Christmas. The promotional group with initially 14 members eventually developed into a promotional society whose radiation reached all spheres of society. The mound of rubble was initially divided into grid squares to allow a better orientation and to document the actual condition. Along with the domes of the Florence cathedral and St. Peter’s in Rome, this is one of the rare domes built completely in stone. In order to honor those who supported the reconstruction of the Frauenkirche a small exhibition area was created. The building workers know just how to bond the stones in each individual place to create a bearing structure from the building plan. It has so many stories to tell and tries to encourage people – day by day. The sacred structure was built by George Bähr between 1726 and 1743. Each find was marked and numbered before being carefully taken away. In this way, the Frauenkirche will testify to the history of its destruction in the future too. A new bearing construction was erected on the dome batter for rebuilding the dome between January and March 2002. Furthermore, the connection between the gallery girders and the masonry was improved. They were built in accordance with the precepts of traditional craftsmanship. Further improvements were however made. Finally, a very close eye was kept on compliance with the joint thickness and mortar quality so that the bearing capacity of the piers' stone work could be doubled as a result. Ashlars that were true works of art had to be replaced or included, particularly in the impost and crossing gallery sections. Plasterers were applying undercoats and final coats of plaster to sandstone, wood and dry-wall constructions. All preparatory work necessary for building the vault was now finished. The wish to rebuild the Frauenkirche existed since the day of its collapse. The reconstruction of the Frauenkirche has made this church a symbol of peace and reconciliation. The consecration attracted attention throughout the world. The restrained décor of the interior culminates in the truly Baroque splendor of the altar and organ. In 1726, the actual planning of the Frauenkirche began. The five bells hanging in the church were reconstructed giving special consideration to the harmonic tone of each bell, taking into close consideration the sound the bells made before 1945, as documented in audio tapes. Furthermore, there is a discussion about whether to reconstruct an exact replication of the original monument or to build a classical building relating more to the functional demands of today’s time. Reconstruction of the Frauenkirche Dresden, 2005. Deadlines and schedules were jeopardised. It had been shortened beforehand and could now be laid on steel supports anchored in the main cornice. The reconstruction of the Frauenkirche is an impressive symbol of international reconciliation after World War II. The first round of the ramp between the inner and outer shell of the dome leading up to the platform under the lantern was completed. The 12th September was a great day: The Frauenkirche shed its covers on the south, west and north side and proudly presented a view of its façade up to a height of approximately 38 m. The canopy was raised for the sixth time on 5th / 6th November to reach its final height of 68 m with position 6. The Frauenkirche Dresden can look back on a 1000-year history. Plans recovered from archives documenting the building before it collapsed were of great benefit. It was only in the late 1980s that renowned personalities came out for rebuilding the Frauenkirche and started to collect donations. In Bähr's time, the sandstone was brought to the Dresden Neumarkt by boat. By Spring 2001, work on the stone structure had progressed to such an extent that the geometrical separation of the individual building parts was clearly visible from the scaffolding level below the canopy: The inner dome above the church room separates from the stonework ring that will carry the main dome and rises towards the upper compression ring. This unfortunately led to severe building damage which became apparent through cracks in the piers, for example. The dome, known as the “Stone Bell”, was not only the crowning glory of the city skyline, but also an architectural challenge. The decorative mock-up was particularly important for finally determining the colour schemes and finishes. These have been placed under the responsibility of the Ingenieurgemeinschaft Dr. Jäger / Prof. Wenzel for the whole project. The outer walls had reached a height of 8.1 m. It was planned to erect the outer stonework up to a height of 16.4 m during the next construction stage, lot 3. and work began on laying the jamb arches of the main church windows (20.26 m). The wooden flooring boards for the outer scaffoldings up to the main cornice (i.e. Built in the 18th century, the church was destroyed in the bombing of Dresden during World War II. However, the political conditions in the then GDR did no permit continuation of the commenced work. Trial lot 1 (which was in fact the second one) was completed in March 1996. It is a genuine invention of the architect George Baehr. The use of a tower slewing crane in connection with the first trial lot did not work out well. Around 60,000 people on the spot and 8 million viewers in front of their TV’s witnessed and celebrated the occasion. The representatives of the foundation, the Bishop of the Protestant Church of Saxony Volker Kreß, the Minister-President of the Free State of Saxony Prof. Kurt Biedenkopf and the Lord-Mayor of Dresden Dr. Herbert Wagner were present at this ceremony on 27th May 1994. Architects often debate the reconstruction (or restoration) of historical monuments due to the high cost. A custom-built rotary platform was used for the architectural paintings in the individual sections of the inner dome. So-called laggings had to be designed for the many arches and vaults. The lower cornice was completed as a basis or foundation as it were for the inner dome above the church room. This helped in identifying the tentative locations of various stones. Soon after the war, the city of Dresden along with the whole of East Germany came under communist rule. Complicated calculations with regard to the bearing concept were carried out to correct the flow of loads in bearing structure planning. Anyone who played with building blocks knows the technique: the blocks have to be offset to build a stable structure. What's more, it quickly became clear that it would take too much time to dismantle and reassemble the construction to raise it to the required heights. Millions of people have already visited the Frauenkirche. The glazing was being fitted beside the work that had already begun and joiners were building stairs, flooring, pews as well as inner doors and windows. Metal workers were building stairs, ladders, gratings, window grilles and handrails. The approval plans were submitted to the surveyor’s office on 21st July 1992. This was preceded by a lot of careful planning. Spatial representation with the computer was a great help. At the same time, however, it is testimony to the overcoming of enmity and a sign of hope and reconciliation. Ruins of the church following World War II. Following completion of the paintings on the inner dome by Christoph Wetzel, the rotary platform could be removed and left space for the installation of the pews and organ. Reconstruction of the Frauenkirche Dresden's citizens never lost the hope that the once monumental church would one day rise from its ruins. The measured plans done by Kiesling from 1949 – 1959 were particularly useful in forming a good base of documentation for the reconstruction phases. Today, the local government driven by the love of its citizens for their city, has led to the redevelopment of the city and an effort to recreate Dresden and its magnificent beauty. The massive contemporary black altar stone erected in the centre of the Lower Church is impressive and open to various interpretations. This is also true for a real building site. The Dresden painter Christoph Wetzel interpreted the works of Giovanni-Battista Grones under difficult building site conditions. The stone structure of the Frauenkirche was completed by laying the stones of the lantern cornice at a height of 78 m on April 13, 2004. The reconstruction of monuments all over Dresden began, but the Frauenkirche remained in its rubble state for 48 more years. The canopy was raised for the first time from its initial height of 12.50 m to 23 m in August 1997. The keystone of the main vault could be positioned on 23rd May 1996. It took a lot of technical finesse to return the ‘butterfly’ to its original place. The State Office of Monument Preservation carried out first investigations towards a potential archaeological reconstruction based on as-built documentation drawn up in the course of restoration work during WWII. This was a real challenge, not least due to the baroque architecture with its multiple curved surfaces. The 22,000 m³ mound of rubble was cleared in only 17 months. This meant that the scaffolding in front of the façade was not required any more and could be dismantled. This style, known today as the Dresdener Baroque, is named after the city and its unique balance of sculpture, art and architecture. One arch lagging set up on steel girders between the piers was curved in itself because it adjoined conically diverging lines of the piers. Though small in scale compared to other cities developed at the same time, Dresden is a good blend of density with ambience and quality. Relying on the experience gained during the first lifting process and thanks to technical and organisational improvements, the third canopy position was reached at a height of approximately 35 m on 23rd July 1998 after a three-day lifting process. Dresden’s Frauenkirche church was destroyed by bombing and fire at the end of the war in 1945. Another trial section was erected at entrance C in 1995. The canopy was raised for a third time between 8th to 11th May 2000. Restoration work in the 19th and 20th century had also been documented in the form of site measurements and photos. From there the canopy was raised to 57 m in April. Both shells of the dome had been penetrated by eight openings for windows. Dome, The Frauenkirche, Dresden, Germany. Exact controls are absolutely necessary when planning and implementing the project as well as when checking the quality. A variety of different types of scaffolding were needed during the restoration of the Frauenkirche. A spray seal was applied before assembly that channels off any water that penetrates through the cover plates. The nave was finally completed on September 20. Enter to see the grand hall, and head up to the dome (one of Europe's largest) for fantastic views and photo ops of the city. Stone masons and layers were laying sandstone steps and plates. Dresden is a city which tries to absorb the variety of flavors from the world influencing it. The church was destroyed shortly before the end of World War II. Finally, the blocks could not be laid in Bähr's time with today's precision. It has been the capital of Saxony since the rule of King Augustus the Strong, when the city was at its pinacle. Most of the best known dome constructions are either done in stone or iron. Today's master builders, however, benefit from the most up-to-date measuring methods and means. Custom-developed computer programs were used for permanent surveying. The four evangelists and the Christian virtues of belief, love, hope and mercy proclaim God's word and will. Continuous variance comparison ensured the necessary precision and avoided extraordinary tensions in the structure. The quarry and the church to be built were both located near the river Elbe and it stood to reason that this means of transport be used. It was a memorable event when the basement vaults of the Frauenkirche were consecrated as the Lower Church by the Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Saxony Volker Kreß on 26th August 1996. A basis for all future tasks had been laid very quickly without overstepping the budget and in a quality that had not been thought possible. The obelisk was replaced by a pavilion-like lantern after George Baehr’s death. Archives still contained historical plans and horizontal projections that could be evaluated. The tension applied by each of these members can be monitored with computer software and administered time and again. The choice of stone and mortars was a complex and extensive process, which could only be completed with the aid of specialists. Finally, after the Berlin wall came down in 1989, the citizens of Dresden started intense discussions on the reconstruction of the Frauenkirche. In 1993, photogrammetric pictures were taken of the ruin to reconstruct the spatiality and three-dimensional shape of the Frauenkirche. In November 1989, committed Dresdners founded a citizen action group for rebuilding the Dresden Frauenkirche and on 13 February 1990 published an ‘Appeal from Dresden’. Architecturally, the design of the dome gave the architects and builders new scope for designing internal spaces of great height with skylights to help give a new dimension to the interior of the building. Another essential task was the reconstruction of the historic basements. With the fall of the Berlin Wall and reunification of Germany, a group of citizens made a new push to rebuild the Frauenkirche. As the final stones are put in place in Dresden's Frauenkirche, long-time residents of the city recall their horrifying memories when Allied bombers destroyed the city. After the erection of the canopy in June 1996, it was raised five times and retrofitted twice to adjust it to the progress of the building work. Stone blocks are now either blast in a controlled way or cut using a high-pressure water jet. It gives the dome its unique bell shape and is thus the point where the geometrical form of the square changes into a circle. During the night of 13-14 February, British Royal Air Forces dropped 1478 tons of high explosives and 1182 tons of incendiary bombs on the first bombing run and 800 tons of bombs on the … The team worked extensively recording each and every detail of stone or material found on site. In this open letter, the 22 undersigned emphasised their will to venture rebuilding the Dresden Frauenkirche after 45 years. Dresden Frauenkirche The Dresden Frauenkirche or Church of Our Lady in one of the grandest buildings in all of Europe, but it is its destruction, and reconstruction is to me, what makes this church stand out. Artists, Architects, Engineers, Historians, Scientific Researchers, Socialists, and Conservationists all started taking an active part in the discussion and decision making process for the reconstruction of the Frauenkirche. This material was so popular because it is very strong, easy to work and available locally, among other things. Since October, 30th 2005 the steeple of the Frauenkirche overtops the Dresden skyline again. Sandstone is the building material used for the Frauenkirche and many other buildings in Dresden and its surroundings. George Baehr had intuitively recognized the load transfer problem and had planned to mount ring beams inside the stone base of the dome. Following the concentration on stone work over the past years, attention now turned to the artistic decoration of the interior. The Frauenkirche, for some the most beautiful protestant church in the world, was destroyed in a useless attack to Dresden, at the end of WWII. Because of its superior quality, only sandstone from the so-called ‘white bank’ of the Wehlen quarry was used for the inner piers. The ashlars were first laid on small spacer plates of lead to produce uniform joints. All of the building work had to be completed and all technical installations adjusted and tested by this date. The scale of the project was so vast that it was initially thought to be an impossible task. Frauenkirche - HD footage, information and facts on Frauenkirche, also known as the Church of Our Lady. It was certainly a very happy day when the pinnacle cross and its boss were unexpectedly found on 1st June 1993, even though they were greatly damaged. In the final winter of World War II, the allied forces bombarded Dresden and killed thousands of the residents. Restorers were working on the altar. Each of the eight slender piers has to carry a load of approximately 1,800 t. Great demands were thus placed on the material, manufacture and assembly. The Dresden Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady) is considered an outstanding example of Protestant sacred architecture, featuring one of the largest domes in Europe. All data such as dimensions, finding place, a brief description of the find with a sketch and neighbouring finds were subsequently used for preliminary identification. The last arches between piers and spar-type frames were built and ties inserted. Their skills were in great demand with regard to planning and calculating the stability and structural safety. Already its predecessor churches were dedicated to the Mother of God and called Frauenkirche. The seating area was surrounded by tall arcades supported by slender piers on all sides. To prevent the mortar from escaping at the other end, this was sealed with hemp rope. There were no archetypes for a building site of this size. It was his intention to place the sandstone structure into the city like a giant sculpture. Dry construction workers were covering the tension ring, shafts for risers and building single plank walls. Window builders were inserting the glazed steel windows in the dome batter and main dome areas. In 2002 the canopy had to be raised twice to provide enough space for the quickly growing church building. For example, various workmanship quality levels were defined for the masonry, a tension ring of steel was integrated with special anchors at the base of the inner dome and the number of ties (steel rings too) which help keep the dome together was increased. In March 1991, the synod of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the State of Saxony resolved to join the Foundation for Rebuilding the Dresden Frauenkirche to be formed. These mistakes had to be avoided in the rebuilding project. The most diverse trades worked together in a minimum of space. These openings, necessary for natural light to enter the church, detrimentally influence the otherwise perfect load transfer of the dome. The building did not grow as fast in this and the next year since the amounts of sandstone in cubic meters increased per running metre and complicated laggings had to carry the newly-placed arches and vaults. The preliminary research included analyzing the existing data. The colourful interior decorations were going smoothly. Special attention was paid to the eight inner piers. A so-called altitude point network was defined in the vertical so that invariable altitude points could also be defined. The erection of the outer structure was the most important task in 1995. The actual rebuilding work began when the first stone was laid after all the rubble had been cleared according to archaeological principles. The reconstruction of selected architectural monuments was also forced ahead from the very beginning: the reconstruction of the Zwinger was completed in 1964. The rope was removed after the mortar had set and the joint then closed with joint mortar. The work on the destroyed altar could also be finished after years of discussions on the ‘right’ solution. A wide variety of trades worked with each other and in succession. reconstruct the Frauenkirche according to archeological reconstruction principles. However, this was done not only horizontally but also vertically. The floor area was divided into grid squares which facilitated subsequent orientation and assignment. The reconstruction work was essentially based on three guiding principles: The use of the building’s original substance to as large an extent as possible will make the fate of the destruction of the rebuilt Frauenkirche visibly evident for many years to come. The post-tensioning technique had to be done in such a manner as to ensure that the two anchor ends be clamped into position, post-tensioned and kept from slipping out of place. Subscriptions | About SAJ | Advertise in SAJ | Contact Us |. Because of the continuing decay of th… It was now possible to check whether the structural parts were in the right position and altitude and whether the subsoil or the masonry itself would deform with an increasing load, for example, just like in a three-dimensional system of coordinates. The Frauenkirche or The Church of Our Lady was constructed between 1726 and 1743. Four arches spring from each of the piers. The stonework of the inner dome began in the same year. In February 2001, the Foundation Board for the Frauenkirche decided to install a new organ which would reflect the original technical and sound structure of the Silbermann organ of the Frauenkirche and embed it in an overall concept characterized by the personal style of the organ builder. Looking back with thankfulness The reconstruction was only possible because so many people from all over the world took notice and action, spread the word and donated money this room keeps the memory alive. Bähr knew that these piers were of paramount importance for his bearing concept. Covering an area of 1,300 m², the new structure houses the functional rooms required to meet the needs of contemporary usage such as cloakrooms for visitors, sanitary facilities, and dressing-rooms for artists, lounges, service rooms for ventilation, energy supply and emergency power generation as well as a transformer substation. In February 1992, the state capital of Dresden resolved to support the rebuilding project with funding and ideas. The history of Dresden's landmark A heap of rubble was all that was left of one of Dresden's most beautiful buildings at the end of WWII. The exhibitions cover the church’s reconstruction from a pile of rubble to a grand building. Interior building work continued at a high pace. The inner dome with its circular 6 m opening was thereby completed as the connection between church room and main dome room. The peaceful revolution in 1989 and the Re-unification of Germany in 1990 brought about change also for Dresden’s Frauenkirche. Computers help cut the blocks and contours precisely, though they cannot fully replace the stonemasons, who are still needed to modify and finish the ashlars. In 1998 the canopy had to be raised once again to accommodate the growing structure. The penetrating water thus had to be diverted into ducts covered by plates on the main cornice in future. The underside will be plastered and the top will be covered by an inserted ceiling. When the piers had reached a height of 21.40 m, work began on the arches between the piers and the arches to the spar-type frames. On February 13th 1945, 200 hundred years after the church was constructed, Dresden was bombed and completely destroyed, and along with it the magnificent Frauenkirche. It has been the capital of Saxony since the rule of King Augustus the Strong, when the city was at its pinacle.
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