Islamic Sociology – IntroductionKhurshid Ahmad delivers an interesting view of Islamic sociology, “Humanity is one single family of God and there can be no sanction for . Therefore the righteous women are devoutly obedient, and guard in (the husband’s) absence what God would have them guard” (4:34).Muslim apologists explain these passages as indicating that men are to care for women, not that women are essentially inferior. This is an inequality between the sexes which the laws of a country and the efforts of family planning associations can do little about.”6Muslims educated in Western universities often realize that these traditions conflict with genetics and other physical concerns. The Al-Islam.org site and the DILP are entirely supported by individual donors and well wishers. 534 Views 7 CrossRef citations to date Altmetric Listen. Leadership positions were open to all. A validation e-mail has been sent to your e-mail address. But all Muslims agree that a marriage is a contract that may be broken through divorce (though most believe that divorce may only be initiated by men). It also expands our understanding of how organizations can arise in … As regards peaceful co-existence, neither any remedial measure can be adopted nor any result achieved without writing and discussion in this field. The Holy Prophet (S) 1 said: ‘There is no superiority for an Arab over a non-Arab except by piety’. Nevertheless, male expectations for their wives to bear male children, and female fears of failing to fulfill these expectations, persist widely throughout Muslim countries. Social theory by definition is used to make distinctions and generalizations among different types of societies, and to analyze modernity as it has emerged in the past few centuries. They argue that such religions have developed in patriarchal societies and have been 'hijacked' by men. There are persons of an unusual lovely nature who attract people wherever they move. Muhammad said he had the opportunity to view the people in hell and recorded that the majority of its inhabitants were women! Much is said about the relationship of the individual to the society as well as the relationships of men and women, husbands and wives, and so forth. It makes the proper development of the personality of man one of the prime objectives of its educational policy. . Rather, Islam is a comprehensive reality—the state is to be as much Islamic as is the local mosque. We will write a custom Essay on Elements of a Sociological Theory of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page. I have not seen anyone more deficient in intelligence and religion than you. Pour citer cet article Référence papier. Islamic Sociology – Individual and SocietyA core principle of Islamic sociology is that Islam provides a perfect harmony between the individual and society, holding both in concert with each other. Islam is a religion; but Islam is also a government. Women are expected to have children, and those who do not have children face constant fear that the husband will seek another wife. According to Islamic law, the only criterion of individual or collective supremacy is faith and piety, knowledge and wisdom. Islam is a comprehensive code of life which, if really followed, may lead human society to the zenith of glory. Haut de page. The Holy Qur'an clearly says: يَا أَيُّهَا النَّاسُ إِنَّا خَلَقْنَاكُمْ مِنْ ذَكَرٍ وَأُنْثَىٰ وَجَعَلْنَاكُمْ شُعُوبًا وَقَبَائِلَ لِتَعَارَفُوا ۚ إِنَّ أَكْرَمَكُمْ عِنْدَ اللَّهِ أَتْقَاكُمْ, O people, We created you from a male and a female and made you into clans and tribes so that you may know each other. Sociologist Robert Bellah (Beyond belief) argues that Islam in its seventh-century origins was, for its time and place, "remarkably modern...in the high degree of commitment, involvement, and participation expected from the rank-and-file members of the community." Those who favor nation-states sometimes produce Muslim nations where the population is predominantly Muslim but where the law of the land is either not Shari’ah or not purely so.7 For example, Turkey is a Muslim nation whose constitution is not based on Shari’ah law. SOCIOLOGY OF ISLAM Sociology 419, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Spring 2020 Syllabus. Majority of people who have friends and social contacts are unaware of the basic principles of sociology, which then forces them to a life of isolation with no way out. Thus the Muslim view of sociology is summarized as revolving around the polygamous family, the mosque, and the state. David Benthall, Max Weber and the Theory of Modern Politics, London, 1974. Ibn Khaldun and the political sociology of Muslim society. For example, one passage says, “And get two witnesses, out of your own men, and if there are not two men, then a man and two women, such as ye choose, for witnesses” (2:282), indicating that the testimony of a woman is worth half of the testimony of a man.Additionally, a tradition in the Sunnah describes women as having less intelligence than men: “Narrated Abu Said Al-Khudri: Once Allah’s Apostle went out to the Musalla (to offer the prayer) to ‘Id-al-Adha or Al-Fitr prayer. Social Theory; Muslim-American Terrorism. Sociology refers to social behavior, society, patterns of social relationships, social interaction, and culture that surrounds everyday life. These theories are formulated on the pattern of science where scientific method is Thi… The Sociological Quarterly Volume 42, 2001 - Issue 4. This article examines the emergence and growth of the Muslim Brotherhood in Egypt from the 1930s through the 1950s. Q & A on The Missing Martyrs; World Peace. Regarding “the great fear of Muslim parents that they will not have enough sons,” Vivienne Stacey paints a troubling picture: “How often a wife is in distress because she has not produced a child! This because, he argues, that Islam emphasized on the equality of all Muslims. What is deficient in our intelligence and religion?’ He said, ‘Is not the evidence of two women equal to the witness of one man?’ They replied in the affirmative. Sometimes this disapproval takes the form of verbal denouncement of the nation. The scholarly consensus argues that the early secularization thesis associated with modernization theory was misleading and simplistic, or that it was primarily relevant to northern Europe. MedievalIslamic sociologyrefers to the study ofsociologyand thesocial sciencesin themedieval Islamic world. Unrecognized Email or Password, please try again. Such people have a sensible approach and discharge mutual obligations diligently, in order to gain affection and love from others. Keywords. I vividly remember several dark afternoons and evenings in a student dormitory frantically underlining almost the whole book while regularly pushing the button on my space heater to stay warm. To be exact, unless human relations based on faith and nationality are not created, this problem will remain unsolved and the disease incurable. 150-66. Sociology is the study of human behavior. But other statements in the Qur’an seem to challenge that notion. Early Islamic sociology responded to the challenges of social organization of diverse peoples all under common religious organization in the IslamicCaliphate, including theRashidun,Umayyad,AbbasidandFatimidperiods, as well as theMamlukperiod in Egypt. This examination of the theory of religion would not be complete without mentioning one other great nineteenth-century thinker, Sigmund Freud (1856–1939). However, while disagreeing with this reply, the experts plead that courtesy, virtue and personal qualities earn popularity or disaffection for them. . This article examines critically the three major sociological theories namely, Structural Functionalism, Symbolic Interactionism and Conflict theory. . World Organization for Islamic Services (WOFIS). Within this network of Sociologists, Political Scientists, Religious Studies Scholars, Historians, we will exchange scholarly information on Islam and Muslim societies. It is beyond the scope of this article to provide an exhaustive overview of how Muslim society and Islam have been treated in social theory (for studies of the Islamic revolution in Iran, see Shariati 1979; Fischer 1980; Arjonaud 1988). How to maintain relations with each other is a problem which is worrying the countries of the world as well as the individuals. In regards to a more contemporary theoretical approach to social problems, there is the constructionist theory. The successful mobilization of the Muslim Brotherhood was possible because of the way in which its Islamic message was tied to its organizational structure, activities, and strategies and the everyday lives of Egyptians. Islam gives a revolutionary concept of the unity of mankind.”1The structures and features of society are central to the Islamic worldview. The expectation that women must bear male children further aggravates the situation. Direct all correspondence to Ziad Munson, Department of Sociology, Harvard University, 33 You will need to follow the instructions in that message in order to gain full access to the site. Submit an article Journal homepage. Islam, which is a divine heavenly code, can solve this problem by bringing people together through faith in God, purification of the soul and preservation of humanity. If this fact is accepted by the people it will bury deep differences and controversies and create feelings of fraternity in them. Home » Teaching/Advising » Sociology of Islam. Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill Higher Education. These theories are formulated on the pattern of science where scientific method is strictly adhered to. In this respect, it has occupied an important place in the theoretical discourse of a number of theorists from Ibn Khaldunand Weber to Gellner. Sociology of Islam. Like Christianity, the family, worship of God, and the state are central to Islamic teachings, yet there are substantial differences between the two worldviews in each area. Rosenthal, F. (1967) Ibn Khaldun: The Muqadimmah — An Introduction of History, 3 vols. The sociological study of women in Islamic cultures and contexts is only a small part of this literature, but the work of scholars in this sub- ijield has been signiijicant both in and outside the discipline. … It begins by outlining and empirically evaluating possible explanations for the organization's growth based on (1) theories of political Islam and (2) the concept of political opportunity structure in social movement theory. His theory of Al Asabiyyah focus on the strong bond which binds individuals in society together and how it diminishes overtime as society progressed paving way for another set of strong collective group to come. Ziad Munson Department of Sociology, Harvard University Correspondence munson@wjh.harvard.edu. Critical Theory. Feminist theory is most concerned with giving a voice to women and highlighting the various ways women have contributed to society. Sociology is the study of human social relationships and institutions. Islam is a religion; but Islam is also a government. The origin of sociological study of religion. – Nazrul Islam and M.Imdadul Haque * Sociological theory is seen here as formal theory and as the core of the discipline so that, a study of sociological theory, of necessity, refers to a study of the whole discipline. Beyond the European framework, there is ample evidence that religion continues to play a major role in society, culture and politics. Matthew Horwood/Getty Images. It believes in the individual personality of man and holds everyone personally accountable to God. He said, ‘This is the deficiency in her intelligence. The answer is probably that since the creation and nature of people is different, hence personalities make persons attractive or otherwise. In the Name of Allah, the Beneficent, the Merciful. ), Interpreting Islam, New Delhi, 2002, pp. This system will eradicate enmity at family, international, universal and at all levels. Ibn Khaldun’s sociological theory is based on human community and how he considers it the basis to understand society of Arab. IMPORTANT : All content hosted on Al-Islam.org is solely for non-commercial purposes and with the permission of original copyright holders. Maintaining cordial relations and balance in every walk of life is a vital subject itself. If you regularly visit this site and wish to show your appreciation, or if you wish to see further development of Al-Islam.org, please donate online. Feminist theory is one of the major contemporary sociological theories, which analyzes the status of women and men in society with the purpose of using that knowledge to better women's lives. Defining Islam and modernity as two more or less incompatible phenomena fails to recognize the potentialities of developing modern democratic Islamic societies with their cultural elements and particularities. Why is there such a difference? Their highly readable account of Islam draws on sociological studies of suicide, the civilising process, globalization theory, clash of civilisations thesis, secularisation theory and the analysis of the state. . Islamic Sociology – MarriageThe Muslim view of marriage is well developed, though diverse. The Worldwide Islam Scholars Network promotes C. Wright Mills’ Sociological Imagination perspectives in relation to Islam and Muslim Societies. “Narrated `Imran bin Husain: The Prophet said, ‘I looked at Paradise and found poor people forming the majority of its inhabitants; and I looked at Hell and saw that the majority of its inhabitants were women.’”4. ISLAMIC MOBILIZATION: Social Movement Theory and the Egyptian Muslim Brotherhood Ziad Munson Department of Sociology Harvard University Forthcoming in The Sociological Quarterly 42(4), January 2002. Isn’t it true that a woman can neither pray nor fast during her menses?’ The women replied in the affirmative. It does not subscribe to the view that man must lose his individuality in society or in the state. . Even minor differences between persons of one town, quarter or a family lead to such complications. . Any other use of the hosted content, such as for financial gain, requires express approval from the copyright owners. Ritzer, G. (2000) Classical Sociological Theory, 3 rd edn. Google Scholar . Likewise difference in languages and style of speech cannot upgrade any nation. Men are one—and not bourgeois or proletarian, white or black, Aryan or non-Aryan, Westerner or Easterner. A cautious sensible man could be led astray by some of you.’ The women asked, ‘O Allah’s Apostle! Verily the most honoured of you in the sight of Allah is the most pious of you . His thinking contains many similarities to the more sociological-oriented theorists who have grappled with the problem of religion. It is not just a question of nature. Copyright © 2002-2020 AllAboutWorldview.org, All Rights Reserved, Islamic Sociology – Polygamy in the Bible, Islamic Sociology – Muhammad and Polygamy. Islamic society is such a society on correct thought and act based on Divine guidance that such problems ought to be almost non-existent in this society. Radical Feminists also believe that religion often serves to compensate women… Men have interpreted religious doctrines in order to justify their positions of power. Will $500 Billion Make America Feel Secure? Some features of marriage noted in the Qur’an and Islamic tradition include the following: Islamic Sociology – PatriarchalismMuslim societies tend to be patriarchal—that is, they tend to be dominated by men. The flames of war are engulfing different parts of the world every day, devastating human lives and rendering families helpless and destitute. 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