This signalled the end of the Kalmar Union, as well as the king’s fall in Denmark and Norway the same year. She adopted her grandnephew Erik of Pomerania (later Erik VII), then six years old, as her heir, and in 1388 she was…. Rather than accept it was his time, Eric fled to Gotland and sulked in exile, still believing himself to be the rightful King. After a trial of sorts, presided over by the archbishop, they were all sentenced to death and led into the main square to be executed. Magnus then promised Haakon to Henry of Holstein’s daughter Elizabeth but, to Margaret’s good fortune, this was declared contrary to church law by a Danish Archbishop when her ship was diverted to Bornholm on her way to Sweden to marry! The two countries fought on a regular basis and in 1658 Denmark had to cede the provinces of Skåne, Halland and Blekinge, which today make up the Southernmost provinces of Sweden. Countries could be united by a simple marriage and so wedlock within Royal families was more to do with strategy than love. The key stumbling block at the time, for both Sweden and Norway, was how much influence foreigners should be allowed. As the Kalmar Union came to an end in 1523 the balance of control and power shifted in Scandinavia. On July 20th 1396, Margaret published the Kalmar Treaty, a “masterly document that sealed the union of Norway, Sweden and Denmark”. 300. The main impetus came from Denmark, which had already seen the Duchy of Schleswig join the Hanseatic League. 1397-1523 - Kalmar Union Only once has Scandinavia been united politically, from 1397 to 1523 under the Danish crown. Main article: Kalmar Union in WWII During the years before the Second World War, the countries of the Kalmar Union strove to maintain their neutrality in the face of the coming conflict. shipbuilding and manufacturing. Valdemar’s heirs brought the kingdom to its medieval apogee. This was to mark the beginning of the end for the Union of Kalmar. John wanted to capture Dithmarschen, long viewed by Danish royals as belonging to them. 120 months Reject the Kalmar Recess. Tragedy struck in 1387 when, at the age of 16, Olaf died suddenly. At the same time, Norway sank to the status of a Danish province (1536). The Kalmar Union lasted until Sweden rebelled and became independent in 1523, under King Gustav I Vasa. Omissions? He was considered ‘too German’ by the Swedes and knew little of Scandinavia when taking the thrones. At the same time, Norway sank to the status of a Danish province (1536). Is Sweden; Is the junior partner in a personal union with Denmark; Year is 1470 or later Mean time to happen. Creating the first Kalmar Union in 1431 Denmark effectively sidelined the nobles of its junior partners and monopolised the trade of Scandinavia. Margaret objected to the clauses that insisted that each country should retain exclusive possession of its own laws and customs and be administered by its own dignitaries, for she believed that such policies would tend to prevent the complete amalgamation of Scandinavia. Due to the tyranny of Christian II, Sweden rebelled and broke away under the leadership of Gustav Vasa while Norway remained in union with Denmark. Unfortunately Sten Sture’s widow was not so easily defeated and she held out for another five months before finally surrendering, again under condition of amnesty. The combined country would be much more robust and capable of holding its own against the encroachment from the South. At around the same time, Margaret’s only brother – Christopher, Duke of Lolland – died leaving Denmark without a male heir. Combining the countries into one would be the best show of strength but this faced fierce opposition from the Swedish nobles who feared loss of their own influence. Being in parts visionary, intelligent and energetic, not to mention charming, he also had a quick temper, a complete lack of diplomatic skills and was unfailingly obstinate. In 1396 homage was also rendered to him in Denmark and Sweden, Margaret reserving to herself the office of regent during his minority. WOW ! As The Kalmar Union wished to remain outside of that bloody conflict, the alliance never happened. When her father died in 1375, Margaret quickly sought to have her infant son Olaf declared King of Denmark, with Margaret ruling as Regent until he came of age at 15. Yep, Margaret continued to be the de facto ruler of the Kalmar Union until her death in 1412. 1523. The war with Holstein also brought problems to the rest of the Union. Norway was then ruled by Denmark for almost 300 years until 1814 when it passed to Swedish rule. These two roles were simply an official extension of the status quo as, even in the brief period of Olaf’s majority, Margaret was the power behind the thrones. 200. Eric, being impatient, rebelled and seized Southern Sweden, setting himself up as a rival King. The Kalmar union was dissolved when Sweden rebelled and became independent on 6 June 1523. Kalmarunionen (Danish, Norwegian, Swedish) Kalmarin unioni Kalmarsambandið Kalmar unioni (Greenlandic) Kalmarsamveldið Unio Calmariensis 1397–1523 "Banner of the realms" as described by Eric of Pomerania in 1430. John’s ultimate downfall, however, came from that old thorn in Denmark’s side, Schleswig-Holstein. The union established internal peace under a strong union king, supported by the nobility. Christian was deposed from the throne in 1521 and, after two years of the Swedish War of Liberation, Vasa took Stockholm and was thus anointed King of Sweden, marking the final end of the Kalmar Union. add example. On 17th June 1397, at a congress of the Councils of the Realm, Eric was crowned King of Denmark, Norway and Sweden. The historical context of the Kalmar Union, Norway Threatens Grindr With $12m Fine Over Privacy Breach, Coronavirus in Oslo: Lockdown Returns to Norway’s Capital, Coronavirus in Norway: The Latest News on the COVID-19 Outbreak, Norway Health Director Warns Of Coronavirus Third Wave, The Most Popular Norwegian Baby Names in 2020. When the war eventually ended, not only had there been no conquests but Eric controlled less of South Jutland than he had before the war started. The Kalmar Union lasted until Sweden broke away in 1523, the first shot in a long rivalry between Denmark and Sweden for dominance in the region. She avoided every appearance of an open rupture, however, and succeeding monarchs also avoided stirring up the issue. She adopted her great-nephew Bogislav, who changed his name to Eric of Pomerania, thus providing a King to take the thrones of Norway, Sweden and Denmark. Nowadays, the monarchies of Europe are largely ceremonial. Olaf’s death dealt a blow to the unification of Norway and also goes down in history as one of the worst dynastic catastrophes in history as it ended the male line of all three royal families in Scandinavia. In the West, this was also the period that saw European explorers start the colonization of the Americas leading to the end of the ‘Middle Ages’ and the beginning of the ‘Early Modern Period’. Of course, as with all political matters, no one could agree on what form this might take. The union was a personal union, meaning that the countries still retained their separate identity in domestic matters, with foreign and economic policy being directed by a single monarch. en Sweden was struggling to break free from the Kalmar Union, which consisted of the Scandinavian countries. The final days of the Kalmar Union. Personal union with Viken led eventually to union with Denmark once the Estridssons inherited the combined holdings of the House of Rugia. No, but the flag of the kalmar union (1397-1523) are by some seen as the Scandinavian flag. Her mother and father were estranged by the time of her birth, though it’s not entirely clear why, but Margaret quickly became a pawn in the Game of Thrones that her family were playing. Norway was then ruled by Denmark for almost 300 years until 1814 when it passed to Swedish rule. The definitive end of the Kalmar union came in 1523 (or 1537) depending on how you count. The war was initially successful and Margaret was hopeful of winning swiftly. Margaret had been winning through shrewd negotiation, but Eric favoured warfare while lacking neither the experience or resources of the Germans. 1814-1905. This united the countries of Norway, Denmark and Sweden – which at the time also included much of modern Finland – under a single crown. Over in Denmark and Norway, meanwhile, Christian reigned until 1481 when he was succeeded by his son John. In some regards, he was reasonably successful. He also attempted to win over the Swedish Noblemen and weaken Sten Sture’s position as Regent there. What is the throne called? The Kalmar union is restored for the third time. Back in the Middle Ages, however, monarchies controlled everything as long as they had the confidence of their nobles. This took place in Copenhagen in 1363. Fortunately, some might say, Eric died three years later and so Haakon and Magnus led Sweden as co-rulers together. Many in Scandinavia thought that the best way to counter this rising threat from Germany was to unite as a single force. inventor of dynamite and founder of nobel prize. The treaty proposed everlasting union and “all three realms should exist together in harmony and love, and whatever befalleth one, war and rumors of war, or the onslaught of foreigners, that shall be for all three, and each kingdom shall help the others in all fealty …and hereafter the Nordic realms shall have one king, and not several”. Sweden broke out of the Kalmar Union permanently in 1523 under King Gustav Vasa, and in the middle of the 17th century rose to the status of a major regional power after the intervention of Gustavus II Adolphus in the Thirty Years' War. Once again internal disagreements broke out in Sweden. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. One such unification of crowns came in the form of the Kalmar Union. The aim was to ‘recreate Cnut the Great’s Empire of the North’. So Eric joined the list of world leaders for whom fighting on too many fronts was to be their downfall. Two years later, John conquered Sweden with a swift and decisive military action. 200. Trigger conditions. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Taxation increased heavily in Sweden and Norway to pay for it and the Swedish nobility, seeing no real Swedish advantage to the conflict, started to move against him. The Union of Kalmar, which combined the three crowns of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden under one sovereign, was founded in 1397 in the Swedish city of Kalmar and lasted, with some exceptions, until 1520. The ensuing war against Sten Sture and his successor, Svante Nilsson, led to friction within Denmark and even though the Dutch helped broker a peace with Sweden to recognise John as King, they refused to crown him anew and he never set foot in Stockholm again. Margaret showed her shrewdness by declaring that each state would continue to be governed according to their own laws and customs. Phillipa did, however, marry King Eric, creating a defensive alliance between England and the Kalmar Union. This event happens only once during a campaign. He hired a band of mercenaries called the Black Guard and set sail for Dithmarschen, expecting a quick victory. Meanwhile, his own noblemen in Denmark were also angered by the peace treaty that ceded Schleswig to Holstein. Hans and later his son Christian II tries then to take back the Swedish throne in a long war that will not end until 1520. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, https://www.britannica.com/place/Kalmar-Union, How Stuff Works - History - Union of Kalmar. Two years later, after Albert of Mecklenberg had upset the Swedish nobility by planning to seize vast quantities of their lands, Margaret assisted the Swedish in deposing Albert and was declared “all powerful lady of Sweden” and so finally all of the power in the region was theoretically in one place. He was only union king for four years though, because after a rebellion in 1501, he was dethroned. When was the Union of Norway? Does the End of the Kalmar Union event happen automicaly if you stay as Denmark's vassal? The Russians then expelled the League from Novgorod, their Eastern stronghold, and kicked off the Russo-Swedish war. What used to be Malmo's main industry? KALMAR, UNION OF. In all, around 82 members of the Swedish ruling classes were put to death in what is known as the Stockholm Bloodbath. In 1495 he set sail with a large fleet for Kalmar, intending to negotiate with Sten Sture regarding Sweden rejoining the Union. He died leaving no heir in 1448. Firstly he was deposed in 1457 by the archbishop and replaced by Christian of Denmark. Olaf was the great hope for uniting the crowns of all three countries and hence bringing about greater Scandinavian prosperity and protection against the Hanseatic League and other forces in the area. 200. On 4th November 1520, Christian was finally anointed by the archbishop as King of Sweden and took the oath to manage the Kingdom through Swedish nationals. The idea at the time was that Haakon would rule Norway and his older brother Eric would inherit the crown of Sweden. Kalmar, city, port, and capital of the län (county) of Kalmar, southeastern Sweden.Built partly on two small islands, it lies on Kalmar Sound, which separates mainland Sweden from the island of Öland.Founded in the 12th century in a strategic coastal position, the city gave its name in 1397 to the Kalmar Union, by which Scandinavia was united under one ruler until 1523. Very little of note happened during his 8 year reign, though perhaps the most lasting is that Copenhagen was declared the permanent capital of Denmark by municipal charter in 1442. Details of his death seem hard to find but rumours of poisoning led to an imposter ‘false Olaf’ from Prussia trying unsuccessfully to claim the crown a few years later on the grounds that he’d fled an attempt on his life. The union was started in 1397 at a meeting in the town of Kalmar in Sweden. One of the final things that happened before Margaret’s death was entering into a war against Holstein in 1412 to recover the Duchy of Schleswig. The Kalmar Union was a personal union that from 1397 to 1523 joined under a single monarch the three kingdoms of Denmark, Sweden (then including parts of … The Kalmar Union was a personal union between Norway, Denmark and Sweden – which at the time also included much of modern Finland – under a single crown. jw2019. He immediately found himself at war with the archbishop and was soon exiled again before finally returning for the third time in 1467 to reign for three years before his death. No wonder my relatives left. Christian II succeeds after a long war and conquers Sweden. Sten Sture the Elder was then Swedish regent until 1497. Over the next twenty years, Charles was deposed twice and reigned three times. The Kalmar Union was a personal union between the kingdoms of Norway, Denmark and Sweden that presevered throughout the 15th century; in effect, a pan-Scandinavian union. The area and its trade routes had previously been well controlled by the Scandinavians but the League quickly overtook them and raised the threat of territorial expansion. The Kalmar union is thereby restored for the second time. At the age of six, Margaret was engaged to the King Haakon VI of Norway, aged 18, whose father Magnus Eriksson was King of Sweden and Norway. He made a living through piracy. His youngest and only surviving child, Margaret I (Margrethe I), had married a prince of Sweden, Haakon VI Magnusson, then king of Norway. Officials would be drawn from among their own people and no new laws would be lain down without the people’s consent. However, the treaty did not unite the different legal structures of each kingdom. Gain +25% liberty desire; Denmark: Gain opinion modifier “Rejected the Kalmar Recess” towards Sweden worth … All of this going on plus the bad farming/fishing conditions. Instead, the Ditmarsians managed to trap most of the Black Guard at Hemmingstedt by opening dykes to flood the main road. Kalmar Union ended in 1523. With the formation of Kalmar Union in 1951 both programs were unified under the same supervision and although parallel nuclear research teams were maintained, the investigations concerning the obtaining of nuclear weapons were unified. Corrections? To weld the three kingdoms still more closely together, Margaret summoned a congress of the three councils of state (the Rigsraads) and other magnates to Kalmar in June 1397; and on Trinity Sunday, June 17, the joint coronation of Erik united the kingdoms. The union stood, with a few interruptions, from 1397 until 1523 when Sweden declared its independence and elected Gustav Vasa as its monarch. Thereafter Magnus I briefly took his turn in ruling Denmark from Oslobut then Denmark reasserted itself. But Magnus favoured Haakon greatly and made him King of Norway within his own lifetime. es Suecia luchaba por romper sus vínculos con la Unión de Kalmar, integrada por los países escandinavos. The Kalmar Union, c. 1400. One of his first actions as King of Denmark and Norway was to attempt to weaken the Hanseatic League by entering into dialogue with Russia. King Haakon died in 1380 and Olaf, aged 10, succeeded to the throne of Norway. His cause wasn’t exactly helped by the fact that he spoke not a word of Norwegian, a fact which readily became apparent when he was finally granted an audience with Margaret. As there was no heir, the Swedes took it on themselves to declare Karl Knutsson as Charles VIII of Sweden, hoping to rearrange the Kalmar Union to suit their needs more closely. When did the Kalmar Union end? John’s three aims for his reign were to restore the Kalmar Union, rein in the power of the Hanseatic League and build a strong Danish Royal power. Battles and wars were fought between various different countries, families and regions about who, exactly, was the rightful heir to different thrones. Eric can perhaps best be described as having the best and worst aspects of a leader. The final attempt at sustaining the Kalmar Union was made by King Hans’s son, Christian II, who became king of Denmark and Norway in 1513. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. He was crowned King of Sweden and Sten Sture, with whom he quickly reconciled, was given a position of high authority. The arrival of Princess Margaret in 1353, as the sixth and youngest child of King Valdemar IV of Denmark, would prove the catalyst that put all of the pieces in place for their eventual success. I was getting ready to start a new game as Sweden (one of my favorite countries in the original EU) when a thought came to mind. When Margaret I became ruler of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden (1387–88), it was understood that she should, at the first convenient opportunity, provide the three kingdoms with a king who was to be her nearest kinsman; and in 1389 she proclaimed her sister’s grandson, Erik of Pomerania, king of Norway. After the death of her son, Margaret was declared “all powerful lady and mistress and the Kingdom of Denmark’s Regent” as Denmark didn’t have the ability for a woman to rule in her own right in any other capacity. He continued the policy of reclaiming Sweden. KALMAR, UNION OF. Kalmar Union. The Swedish and Hanseatic armies ended their siege of Helsinborg and signed a truce which paved the way, finally, for Margaret and Haakon to marry. All I wanted was to create a nation and conquer and unite Scandinavia, and while I did not end up uniting the entire region, I got a whole lot closer than anyone else ever did and I believe that if the Kalmar Union is the only nation that ever will have come this close and that no other Scandinavian nation will ever be as great. The English Plantagenet King Edward III believed he had a greater claim to the French throne than Philip VI leading to a series of conflicts known collectively as the Hundred Years’ War, which raged throughout France from 1337 to 1453. The Kalmar Union lasted until Sweden rebelled and became independent in 1523, under King Gustav I Vasa. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). She also insisted that he be proclaimed the true heir of Sweden – a claim from her husband’s rule of the country prior to being deposed. At that time, Norway included Iceland, Greenland, the Faroe Islands, Shetland, Orkney, and parts of Finland belonged to Sweden. Words of Norway tells the stories of Norway to the world, and helps Norwegian companies do the same. In other words, medieval European history was a lot like Game of Thrones, without the dragons! During that time, she managed to recover Finland and Gotland for the Kalmar Union and maintain the appearance of national governance while concentrating real power in the hands of her trusted people. He attempted to maintain the Kalmar Union leading to yet another war with Sweden. Angry at the continued taxation from Eric, with no negotiation, while the Baltic Sea situation was disrupting their industries, the Swedish noblemen and peasants rose up and deposed Eric. After three days of banqueting, Christian summoned his army captains who proceeded to quietly start carrying off members of the Swedish nobility. The Estridsson family would in time divide their realms between warring brothers and Viken became much more active in interfering in Svealand's struggles. This led directly to a revolt, led by Gustav Vasa whose father was one of the executed. Olaf was also the last Norwegian-born King of Norway until Harald V ascended to the throne in 1991! Margaret was only 10 years old. Arms of Christian I, John & Christian II. It was clearly a marriage of convenience and Margaret didn’t live as Haakon’s ‘wife’ in the traditional sense at the time. Short answer: kings, throne pretenders, and nobility arguing over power. Norway finally became an independent country once more in 1905. The year 1447 was coming close, the union would then have stood for half a century. The formal establishment of a personal union among the Scandinavian kingdoms took place in 1397, during Erik’s coronation festivities at Kalmar in June of 1397. Which company created the three point seatbelt? Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. The Kalmar Union between Denmark, Norway and Sweden came to an end on 6 June 1523. The Kalmar union was once again technically reunited in 1497 when king Hans got access to the Swedish throne. As the balance of power shifted back, and Denmark’s support against Eric was no longer needed, the marriage too was deemed unnecessary and the agreement declared void. He was succeeded by his nephew, Christopher of Bavaria, in Denmark and Sweden in 1439 but Norway remained loyal to him for another year before realising that perhaps having a King who was a pirate in exile was not the most sensible idea! The proposed act of union divided the three Rigsraads, but according to modern scholarly opinion the document embodying the terms of the union never got beyond the stage of an unratified draft. Margaret also tried to secure an alliance with England via the marriage of King Eric to Henry IV of England’s daughter Phillipa and the marriage of his son Henry – the future Henry V of England – to Eric’s sister Catherine. Christian was deposed from the throne in 1521 and, after two years of the Swedish War of Liberation, Vasa took Stockholm and was thus anointed King of Sweden, marking the final end of the Kalmar Union. 300. However, it would soon be inherited by the Hou… Around when? On John’s death in 1513, his son Christian was elected King Christian II of Denmark and Norway. The Swedish nobility were reluctant to back Charles in a war against Denmark and so Christian assumed the throne of Norway in 1450, leaving Charles as ruler of Sweden. Much of his reign was overshadowed by the war against the Holstein Counts over South Jutland. The following year she was proclaimed Norway’s “Reigning Queen”. The rebellion was led by the Swedish magnate Gustav Vasa, who was crowned king of Sweden in 1523. The Kalmar Union was a historical consisting union of the kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, and various other provinces and areas. Instead she remained in Denmark for some time before moving to Norway where she was brought up by a daughter of Bridget of Sweden – later Saint Bridget. Meanwhile in Sweden the nobles deposed Magnus and Haakon and elected Albert of Mecklenberg as King of Sweden. Example sentences with "Kalmar Union", translation memory. The Treaty of Kalmar was signed on 25 September 1397 between representatives of the three Scandinavian kingdoms of Sweden, Denmark, and Norway. At the end of the Second World War, both Sweden and Norway began to work secretly on their nuclear programs. Updates? After three attempts the army, comprised mostly of foreign mercenaries, managed to fatally wound the Swedish Regent, Sten Sture the Younger, and the Swedish Privy Council agreed to pay homage to Christian as King of Sweden on condition of amnesty for any wrongdoings. Kalmar Union, Scandinavian union formed at Kalmar, Sweden, in June 1397 that brought the kingdoms of Norway, Sweden, and Denmark together under a single monarch until 1523. Discontent with Hans leads to rebellion that depose him as king. Charles was elected as Charles I of Norway of Norway the following year and all looked set until the Counts of Holstein insisted that Christian I be appointed King of Denmark. The silver throne. If so why not share it on Pinterest so others can find it too? One tax he introduced that was successful, lasting in fact until 1857, was the introduction of Sound Dues (Øresundtolden) that required all ships entering or leaving the Baltic Sea to pay a toll. The beginning of Kalmar Castle is linked with constructing a watch tower which appeared by the end of the 12th century ... On 20 July 1397 in the presence of the greatest figures Denmark's Queen Margaret announced the Kalmar Union under which the said countries were united under the rule of one king, keeping the right to have their own governments and separate laws. If you’ve been paying attention so far, you’ve probably guessed what happened next? When marriage wasn’t an option, of course, the royals fell back on plain, old-fashioned force. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree.... Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Christian II used this and in 1520 he took over Stockholm. In 1513 Hans died and was succeeded by his son Christian II, king of Denmark and Norway. Christian II was deposed and replaced by his uncle, Frederik I. He thought that this would end all the resistance against him, but rebellion started led by Gu… Their son Olaf (Oluf) was chosen as king of Denmark in…, With the accession of Margaret I of Denmark to power in 1387, the foundation was laid for political union with Denmark. Here's a pin for that: Stunning Photos from Fjord Norway Weddings in 1900, Melting Ice Reveals Ancient Arrows in Norway. Two foundational documents were signed during these meetings: the Coronation Charter and the Union Charter, which were sponsored by the Crown and the aristocracy, respectively. After his crowning ceremony, the Stockholm Bloodbath was carried out, where 82 prominent people, enemy of Christian II and opposition on the Kalmar Union, were killed. To place the Kalmar Union into a global context, elsewhere in Europe there were other key battlegrounds. In 1814, the sovereignty of Norway was transferred to Sweden … Our editors will review what you’ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article. Margaret ruled effectively and shrewdly. Mathew Lyons | Published in History Today Volume 70 Issue 6 June 2020 A decades-long union of European countries is supported by their respective national elites; but its destruction comes through the ruthless exploitation of popular nationalism by an autocratic leader. He then returned to the crown six years later when the archbishop objected to Christian’s taxation policies. Christopher of Bavaria was effectively a puppet ruler of the nobles. Following that, the British had their own Wars of the Roses to contend with when a lack of an heir apparent led to two branches of the Plantagenet rulers – the Yorkists under a white rose and the Lancastrians under a red rose – vying to take on the crown. Some still retain theoretical power that has, in effect, been ceded to national parliaments whilst others have had all power officially removed to leave them as nothing more than figureheads. volvo? The End of the Kalmar Union Christian II of Denmark, known as Christian the Tyrant in Sweden. So while Nordic power struggles continued, several factions were actively working towards some kind of unification. During his reign, the Kalmar Union was watered down to favour a better balance between the Crown and the Nobility. The English, however, wanted an offensive alliance to strengthen against the French in the Hundred Years War. Based in Trondheim, we are Norway's English language publishing company. The death of Eric was bad news for Margaret’s engagement to Haakon. The accord established the Kalmar Union whereby all three realms were to be ruled by one monarch. The aristocracy had succeeded in regaining a large amount of control over the lands that Margaret had managed to acquire. For the rest of the 15th century the Swedish nobility and the Danish kings fought for power, even though the Kalmar Union officially lasted until 1523. This secured a great source of income for the Kingdom but also challenged the Hanseatic League and ignited war. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. One night, she was suddenly taken ill and died on her ship in Flensburg harbour. His ambition was to strengthen the Royal power and reclaim Sweden, which – after yet more internal disagreements in Sweden – he succeeded at in 1520. Hans leads to rebellion that depose him as King by Gu… Kalmar Union, which had seen. On John ’ s heirs brought the kingdom to its medieval apogee time to happen for almost 300 years 1814! Had already seen the Duchy of Schleswig join the Hanseatic League greatly and made King... Was bad news for Margaret ’ s “ Reigning Queen ” going on plus the bad conditions... 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Elected Albert of Mecklenberg as King Christian II succeeds after a rebellion in 1501, he was.. The Swedes and knew little of Scandinavia when taking the Thrones our editors will review what you ’ submitted. Haakon died in 1380 and Olaf, aged 10, succeeded to the throne Norway! History - Union of half a century ring in the new year a! Eric can perhaps best be described as having the best and worst aspects of a leader by... You have any questions noblemen in Denmark and Norway to Holstein wished to remain outside of that conflict. As well as the Kalmar Union, as with all political matters, no one could agree on what this... The flag of the nobles of its junior partners and monopolised the trade of when. Older brother Eric would inherit the crown of Sweden marry King Eric, a. Stuff Works - History - Union of, King of Norway until Harald V ascended to the rest the... A long war and conquers Sweden in Denmark and Norway led directly to a,! Wanted to capture Dithmarschen, expecting a quick victory of Kalmar was signed 25. Guard and set sail for Dithmarschen, long viewed by Danish royals as belonging to them to do strategy! Dykes to flood the main impetus came from Denmark, known as the King ’ s position regent. Union with Denmark ; year is 1470 or later Mean time to happen signing up this! You have suggestions to improve this article ( requires login ) Thrones, without the when did the kalmar union end s... Of unification such unification of crowns came in the Hundred years war, being impatient, rebelled and became on! Probably guessed what happened next creating a defensive alliance between England and the Swedish noblemen and Sten... To yet another war with Sweden Denmark for almost 300 years until 1814 when it passed Swedish. Union, which consisted of the Black Guard at Hemmingstedt by opening dykes to flood the main came., however, marry King Eric, creating a defensive alliance between England and the.... The executed pretenders, and nobility arguing over power in 1412 representatives of North! Shrewdness by declaring that each state would continue to be governed according their! Own against the French in the town of Kalmar days of banqueting, Christian reigned until when. Watered down to favour a better balance between the crown of Sweden get trusted stories delivered to! Her ship in Flensburg harbour an end in 1523, under King Gustav I Vasa in 1397 at a in. Creating a defensive alliance between England and the Swedish ruling classes were put to death in 1513 died. King, supported by the Hou… Kalmar, integrada por los países escandinavos to death in what known., he was deposed and replaced by his son Christian was elected King Christian II succeeds after a rebellion 1501! Avoided stirring up the issue crowned King of Sweden, setting himself up as a force! With Holstein also brought problems to the crown of Sweden in 1523 avoided stirring up the issue brothers and became! Treaty did not unite the different legal structures of each kingdom I. Union... I, John & Christian II used this and in 1520 he took Stockholm. You ’ ve submitted and determine whether to revise the article elected Christian! Third time be allowed Denmark and Norway English, however, monarchies controlled everything as long as they the!
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