[22], The use of subwoofers to provide deep bass in film presentations received a great deal of publicity in 1974 with the movie Earthquake which was released in Sensurround. The genre is characterized by fast breakbeats (typically between 160–180 beats per minute, occasional variation is noted in older compositions), with heavy bass and sub-bass lines. a short melody in the bass that is constantly repeated. [7] By the mid-1970s, 12" vinyl singles, which allowed for "more bass volume", were used to record disco, reggae, dub and hip-hop tracks; dance club DJs played these records in clubs with subwoofers to achieve "physical and emotional" reactions from dancers. Other films to use the effect include the WW II naval battle epic Midway in 1976 and Rollercoaster in 1977. [10] The demand for sub-bass sound reinforcement in the 1970s was driven by the important role of "powerful bass drum" in disco, as compared with rock and pop; to provide this deeper range, a third crossover point from 40 Hz to 120 Hz (centering on 80 Hz) was added. "Subwoofer positioning, orientation and calibration for large-scale sound reinforcement". In choral music without instrumental accompaniment, the bass is supplied by adult male bass singers. They belong to different families of instruments and can cover a wide range of musical roles. Bass, in music, the lowest part in a multi-voiced musical texture. Bass music is a term used to describe several genres of electronic dance music arising from the 1980s on, focusing on a prominent bass drum and/or bassline sound. Beyond that, the different types of bass line help define the music’s style and sense of forward momentum. In some cases the bassist may be a virtuoso soloist and that adds another elemnt to the group's musical possiblities. Listen for the Tonic. Studying bass means to study rhythm and to study harmony, and the techniques to create them on the bass. But the TR-808 and the 808 bass absolutely falls into this category. [15] To overcome the lack of sub-bass frequencies on 1970s disco records (sub-bass frequencies below 60 Hz were removed during mastering), Long added a DBX 100 "Boom Box" subharmonic pitch generator into his system to synthesize 25 Hz to 50 Hz sub-bass from the 50 to 100 Hz bass on the records. A rhythmic ostinato is a short, constantly repeated rhythmic pattern. When the Jazz bass is played with both pickups at the same volume, the sound will be mid-scooped. : any of numerous edible marine or freshwater bony fishes (especially families Centrarchidae, Serranidae, and Percichthyidae of the order Perciformes) [19] The sound engineers for Stone Love Movement (a sound system crew), for example, modified folded horn subwoofers they imported from the US to get more of a bass reflex sound that suited local tone preferences for dancehall audiences, as the unmodified folded horn was found to be "too aggressive" sounding and "not deep enough for Jamaican listeners". The bass player has the most crucial role in the band. "Below 100 Hz: Towards a Musicology of Bass Culture". In Jamaica in the 1970s and 1980s, sound engineers for reggae sound systems began creating "heavily customized" subwoofer enclosures by adding foam and tuning the cabinets to achieve "rich and articulate speaker output below 100 Hz". 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