[11][12] In 2009, the city/province had the third highest income in the country. Havana expanded greatly in the 17th century. Cuba's first capital was Santiago de Cuba. [5][6], The city of Havana was founded by the Spanish in the 16th century and due to its strategic location it served as a springboard for the Spanish conquest of the Americas, becoming a stopping point for Spanish galleons returning to Spain. Note: Some of the city's municipalities are also twinned to small cities or districts of other big cities, for details see their respective articles. [92][93] This does not include an estimate of the number of people living in housing in "fair" or "poor" condition because in many cases these units do not necessarily constitute slum housing but rather are basically sound dwellings needing repairs. The con-urbanization expanded over the Havana municipality borders into neighbor municipalities of Marianao, Regla and Guanabacoa. By 1602, Cuba's Spanish population was about 20,000 of which 13,000 lived in or around Havana. [5] The city has an average life expectancy of 76.81 years at birth. However, an early map of Cuba drawn in 1514 places the town at the mouth of this river.[19][20]. In addition, there is participation from "mass organisations" and representatives of local government agencies, industries and services. In Cuba the restoration of capital has followed the road of limited foreign investment and there has virtually not been any transfer of state properties, although the public economic assets are found mainly in the hands of one corporation, the armed forces, which forms part of … In Havana there are now about 400 native Chinese, but their presence is being felt like a million, "Sahrawi children inhumanely treated in Cuba, former Cuban official". [84], The city's significant minority of Chinese, mostly Cantonese ancestors, were brought in the mid-19th century by Spanish settlers via the Philippines with work contracts and after completing 8-year contracts many Chinese immigrants settled permanently in Havana. codru.eu. [30][31][32][33] By February 4, the death toll had increased to six, with 11 people still in critical condition.[34]. g) En todo caso, se puede afirmar de modo responsable. There is a population of internal migrants to Havana nicknamed "palestinos" (Palestinians),[82] sometimes considered a racist term,[83] these mostly hail from the eastern region of Oriente. a cigar made in Cuba or of Cuban tobacco. Hurricanes occasionally strike the island, but they ordinarily hit the south coast,[citation needed] and damage in Havana has been less than elsewhere in the country. "Habana" redirects here. Most areas of the city, specially the highly-populated districts, are in urban decay.[97]. [14], The city attracts over a million tourists annually;[15] the Official Census for Havana reports that in 2010 the city was visited by 1,176,627 international tourists,[15] a 20% increase from 2005. The national government assumes all responsibility for education, and there are adequate primary, secondary, and vocational training schools throughout Cuba. Hospitals in Havana are run by the national government, and citizens are assigned hospitals and clinics to which they may go for attention. [53], In spring 2015, the largest open-air art exhibition ever in Cuba took in front of the basilica on the Plaza San Francisco de Asis: Over eight weeks the United Buddy Bears visited Havana. [74], Havana's economy is still in flux, despite Raul Castro's embrace of free enterprise in 2011. Cuba , officially the Republic of Cuba (Spanish: República de Cuba [reˈpuβlika ðe ˈkuβa] (listen)) is a country comprising the island of Cuba, as well as Isla de la Juventud and several minor archipelagos. Many high-rise office buildings, and apartment complexes, along with some hotels built in the 1950s dramatically altered the skyline. In Spanish, the capital is called "La Habana". Shanty towns are scattered throughout the city except for in a few central areas. Translate The capital of cuba is havana. In the 1930s, organized crime characters were aware of Havana's nightclub and casino life, and they made their inroads in the city. The city has little autonomy and is dependent upon the national government, particularly, for much of its budgetary and overall political direction. The city has a population of 2.1 million inhabitants, and it spans a total of 781.58 km (301.77 sq mi) – making it the largest city by area, the most populous city, and the fourth largest metropolitan area in the Caribbean region. [60] After completing 8-year contracts, many Chinese immigrants settled permanently in Havana. Describe the weather in each capital and your current location. This area features a number of set back well-proportioned buildings in the Neoclassical style. Philip II of Spain granted Havana the title of capital in 1592. Soon after the Revolution, the university, as well as all other educational institutions, were nationalized. Cuba recovered from the devastation of war to become a well-off country, with the third largest middle class in the hemisphere. Although the capital of Spanish Cuba was initially at Santiago de Cuba at the eastern end of the south coast of Cuba it was transferred to Havana in 1592. HAVANA — Some 1,200 people living in the capital of Cuba identify as Jewish. Under the Köppen climate classification, Havana has a tropical monsoon climate (Am) that closely borders on a tropical rainforest climate (Af). The present condition of many buildings in Havana has deteriorated since the 1959 Revolution. [78], According to the 2012 official census (the Cuban census and similar studies use the term "skin colour" instead of "race"). a [ah-vah-nah]. CIA World Factbook. Candidates are not required to be members of the party. [41] The International School of Havana is located in the Miramar neighborhood. Havana has a diversified economy, with traditional sectors, such as manufacturing, construction, transportation and communications, and new or revived ones such as biotechnology and tourism. Facultad de Filosofía e Historia. In Old Havana and throughout Vedado there are several small private businesses, such as shoe-repair shops or dressmaking facilities. T … [96] The government researchers argue that "poverty" in most commonly accepted meanings does not really exist in Cuba, but rather that there is a sector of the population that can be described as "at risk" or "vulnerable" using internationally accepted measures. Average temperatures range from 22 °C (72 °F) in January and February to 28 °C (82 °F) in August. [111] Nevertheless, Havana's infant mortality rate in 2009 was 4.9 per 1,000 live births,[5] 5.12 in the country as a whole, which is lower than many developed nations,[112][113] and the lowest in the developing world. Havana's team in the Cuban National Series is Industriales. In February 2007 the New York Times estimated that there were about 1,500 known Jews living in Havana. Russian Orthodox Cathedral Our Lady of Kazan, Basílica Santuario Nacional de Nuestra Señora de la Caridad del Cobre, Comite Central del Partido Comunista de Cuba, Higher Learning Polytechnic Institute José Antonio Echeverría, Learn how and when to remove this template message, List of twin towns and sister cities in the Caribbean, "How Obama's US-Cuba deal could shape Havana's future", "Población total por color de la piel según provincias y municipios", "Electos el Gobernador y Vicegobernadora en La Habana", "Anuario Estadistico de Ciudad de La Habana", "Section 15 (Turismo), article 15.7 (Visitantes por mes)", "Old Havana and its Fortification System", Fundación de La Habana a orillas del Río Onicajinal o Mayabeque, https://books.google.com/books?id=tzqhBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA356&dq=An+epidemic+kills+a+third+of+cuban+population+1649&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjYwIyV0vzbAhWus1kKHb49ASQQ6AEILzAB#v=onepage&q=An%20epidemic%20kills%20a%20third%20of%20cuban%20population%201649&f=false, "Elogian capital humano en restauración de La Habana", "Havana tornado: Cuba's capital hit by rare twister", "The Latest: Havana hit by Category F3 tornado", "Huge tornado in Cuba kills 4 and injures 195", "A deadly tornado plowed through Havana on Sunday night. Eddie Lennon, Julie Napier and Farida Haqiqi. The Karl Marx Theater with its large auditorium have a seating capacity of 5,500 spectators, is generally used for concerts and other events, it is also one of the venues for the annual Havana Film Festival. Admission to sporting events is generally free, and impromptu games are played in neighborhoods throughout the city. The Cuban government is taking many steps to preserve and to restore Old Havana, through the Office of the city historian, directed by Eusebio Leal. In the 1980s there were plans for a Metro system in Havana similar to Moscow's, as a result of the Soviet Union influence in Cuba at the time. [23], The city was captured by the British during the Seven Years' War. The city has several large sports stadiums, the largest one is the Estadio Latinoamericano. The People's Councils (Consejos Populares) consist of local municipal delegates who elect a full-time representative to preside over the body. In 1592, Havana was granted the title of city by Spain’s King Philip II. The year 1928 marked the beginning of the reaction against the Spanish Renaissance style architecture. The revolutionary government in general, and Fidel Castro in particular, initially opposed any considerable development of the tourism industry, linking it to the debauchery and criminal activities of times past. By 1966–68, the Cuban government had nationalized all privately owned business entities in Cuba, down to "certain kinds of small retail forms of commerce" (law No. It received papal visits from three successive supreme pontiffs: Pope John Paul II (January 1998), Pope Benedict XVI (March 2012) and Pope Francis (September 2015). To the west a newer section, centred on the uptown area known as Vedado, has become the rival of Old Havana for commercial activity and nightlife. Havana's Museo del Automobil has an impressive collection of vehicles dating back to a 1905 Cadillac. [77] The University of Havana is located in Vedado. 2001. His influence has left a huge mark on Havana although many of his ideas were cut short by the great depression in 1929. Havana city borders are contiguous with the Mayabeque Province on the south and east and to Artemisa Province on the west, since former La Habana Province (rural) was abolished in 2010. The city has long been a popular attraction for tourists. In the second half of the 18th century, sugar and coffee production increased rapidly, which became essential in the development of Havana's most prominent architectural style. This was the tallest concrete structure in the world at the time (using no steel frame) and the ultimate symbol of luxury and excess. Surrounding it are the former palaces of the Count de Casa-Bayona (1720–1746) Marquis de Arcos (1746) and the Marquis de Aguas Claras (1751–1775). [62] It has a well defined written welcoming sign in Chinese and Spanish. asistencia social que aseguren su alimentación. The Red Alimentadora, known as the feeder line, connects the adjacent towns and cities in the metropolitan area with the city center, with a maximum distance of 40 km (25 mi). [98] This division has one of the most used and largest urban bus fleets in the country, its fleet is made up of mostly new Chinese Yutong buses. In the 17th century, it was one of the main shipbuilding centers. The National Theater includes two main theatre stages, the Avellaneda Auditorium and the Covarrubias Auditorium, as well as a smaller theatre workshop space on the ninth floor. The University of Havana, located in the Vedado section of Havana, was established in 1728 and was regarded as a leading institution of higher learning in the Western Hemisphere. Since then several other universities have opened, like the Higher Learning Polytechnic Institute José Antonio Echeverría where the vast majority of today's Cuban engineers are taught. [96], The generic term "slum" is seldom used in Cuba, substandard housing is described: housing type, housing conditions, building materials, and settlement type. that is very useful for the treatment of sarcomas (malignant neoplasm in conjunctive tissues, such as bones, cartilage or blood vessels). The people of TimorLeste can always count on. The traditional sugar industry, upon which the island's economy has been based for three centuries, is centred elsewhere on the island and controls some three-fourths of the export economy. were to arrive in the capital of Cuba , Ha vana . Between 1915 and 1930, Havana hosted more tourists than any other location in the Caribbean. [51], Old Havana is the ancient city formed from the port, the official center and the Plaza de Armas. [93] People living in slums have access to the same education, health care, job opportunities and social security as those who live in formerly privileged neighbourhoods. The restoration of Old Havana offered a number of new attractions, including a museum to house relics of the Cuban revolution. However, their continuing in power will lead, sooner rather than, later, to the collapse of the Revolution and, Sin embargo, su permanencia en el poder llevará más. [5], The Cuban government controls the movement of people into Havana on the grounds that the Havana metropolitan area (home to nearly 20% of the country's population) is overstretched in terms of land use, water, electricity, transportation, and other elements of the urban infrastructure. In the 1980s many parts of Old Havana, including the Plaza de Armas, became part of a projected 35-year multimillion-dollar restoration project, for Cubans to appreciate their past and boost tourism. Tourism is now Havana and Cuba's primary economic source. The history of Cuba is characterized by dependence on outside powers—Spain, the US, and the USSR.The island of Cuba was inhabited by various Amerindian cultures prior to the arrival of the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus in 1492. Pero ahora ha quedado claro que la suspensión. The district has two paifang (Chinese arches), the larger one located on Calle Dragones. The Cuban National Ballet School with 4,350 students is one of the largest ballet schools in the world and the most prestigious ballet school in Cuba.[107]. muerte y eso podemos y debemos condenarlo. The narrow streets of Old Havana contain many buildings, accounting for perhaps as many as one-third of the approximately 3,000 buildings found in Old Havana. The first 206 Chinese-born arrived in Havana on June 3, 1847. They are nominated directly by citizens in open meetings within each election district. Convenciones Capitolio de La Habana. There are direct elections for deputies to the National Assembly based on slates, and a portion of the candidates is nominated at the local level. through the Secretariat of State for Economic Affairs, and includes citizen participation in separating out different types of waste, according to the initiative's promoters. See authoritative translations of The capital of cuba is havana in Spanish with example sentences and audio pronunciations. [citation needed], Conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar founded Havana on August 25, 1515, on the southern coast of the island, near the present town of Surgidero de Batabanó, or more likely on the banks of the Mayabeque River close to Playa Mayabeque. [63] Under the Cuban Ministry of Culture, it occupies two locations in the vicinity of Havana's Paseo del Prado, these are the Palace of Fine Arts, devoted to Cuban art and the Palace of the Asturian Center, dedicated to universal art. Its branches in some cases occupy buildings that were in pre-revolutionary times the offices of Cuban or foreign banks. [103] Ridership decline resulted in bankruptcy in 1950 with new owner Autobus Modernos SA abandoning systems in favor of buses and sold the remaining cars were sold to Matanzas in 1952. [...] region, along with Cuba, where the d eath pena lty exists. San Cristobal de La Habana was founded in 1514 by Diego Velázquez, Spanish conquistador. INV, Instituto Nacional de la Vivienda (2001a) Boletín Estadístico Anual. It uses large modern articulated buses, such as the Chinese-made Yutong brand, Russian-made Liaz, or MAZ of Belarus. The strip is a pedestrian-only street adorned with many red lanterns, dancing red paper dragons and other Chinese cultural designs, there is a great number of restaurants that serve a full spectrum of Chinese dishes – unfortunately that 'spectrum' is said by many[who?] [110] However, the health system has suffered from shortages of supplies, equipment and medications caused by ending of the Soviet Union subsidies in the early 1990s and the US embargo. The men and women who made Modernisme possible formed part of a privileged social group of manufacturers, investors, bankers and new nobility who had become rich in the late 19th century, according to, Dolors Llopart (3). After regaining the city, the Spanish transformed Havana into the most heavily fortified city in the Americas. The 20th century began with Cuba, and therefore Havana, under occupation by the United States. At the time, Havana became an exotic capital of appeal and numerous activities ranging from marinas, grand prix car racing, musical shows, and parks. [87] There are some 3,000 Russians living in the city; as reported by the Russian Embassy in Havana, most are women married to Cubans who had studied in the Soviet Union. It was developed extensively between 1930 and 1960, when Havana developed as a major destination for U.S. tourists; high-rise hotels, casinos, restaurants, and upscale commercial establishments, many reflecting the art deco style.[76]. It is east of the Yucatán Peninsula (Mexico), south of both the U.S. state of Florida and the Bahamas, west of Hispaniola, and north of both Jamaica and the Cayman Islands. Santiago de Cuba is the second largest and the second most populous city that serves as the capital of Santiago de Cuba province. The Jewish community in Havana has reduced after the Revolution from once having embraced more than 15,000 Jews,[90] many of whom had fled Nazi persecution and subsequently left Cuba to Miami or moved to Israel after Castro took to power in 1959. After the Confederate States of America were defeated in the American Civil War in 1865, many former slaveholders continued to run plantations by moving to Havana. The second largest city is Santiago de Cuba. Other museums in the city include Casa de los Árabes (House of Arabs) and the Casa de Asia (House of Asia) with Middle and Far Eastern collections. Other food-processing industries are also important, along with shipbuilding, vehicle manufacturing, production of alcoholic beverages (particularly rum), textiles, and tobacco products, particularly the world-famous Habanos cigars. Famous modernist architects such as Walter Gropius, Richard Neutra and Oscar Niemeyer all passed through the city,[48] while strong influences can be seen in Havana at this time from Le Corbusier and Ludwig Mies van der Rohe. Last year it ranked 1,324th in the U.S. Social Security Administration list of most popular baby girl names. Most slum units are concentrated in the inner-city municipalities of Old Havana and Centro Habana, as well as such neighbourhoods as Atarés in Regla. The neo-classical mansion of the Countess of Revilla de Camargo, today it is the Museum of Decorative Arts (Museo de Artes Decorativas), known as the "small French Palace of Havana" built between 1924 and 1927, it was designed in Paris inspired in French Renaissance. [61] The neighborhood was booming with Chinese restaurants, laundries, banks, pharmacies, theaters and several Chinese-language newspapers, the neighborhood comprised 44 square blocks during its prime. The principal theatre is the García Lorca Auditorium, with seats for 1,500 and balconies. The FFCC connects Havana with all the provinces of Cuba. [10] The governor is Reinaldo García Zapata of the Communist Party of Cuba (PCC). Havana has also been a popular health tourism destination for more than 20 years. In 2000, nearly 89% of the city's officially recorded labour force worked for government-run agencies, institutions or enterprises. A severe economic downturn occurred after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. assistance that ensure the provision of food. Much like the city itself, this small but tight-knit community is characterized by many contrasts: Rich in spirit, it is bereft of basic services like quality health care and household goods. Havana achieved the title of being the Latin American city with the biggest middle class population per-capita, simultaneously accompanied by gambling and corruption where gangsters and stars were known to mix socially. Havana, like much of Cuba, has a tropical climate that is tempered by the island's position in the belt of the trade winds and by the warm offshore currents. The episode began on June 6, 1762, when at dawn, a British fleet, comprising more than 50 ships and a combined force of over 11,000 men of the Royal Navy and Army, sailed into Cuban waters and made an amphibious landing east of Havana. It became a stopping point for the treasure laden Spanish Galleons on the crossing between the New World and the Old World. Buildings in Old Havana and Centro Habana are especially exposed to the elements: high humidity, the corrosive effects of salt spray from proximity to the coast, and occasional flooding. The temperature seldom drops below 10 °C (50 °F). "Havana's former grandeur decays and crumbles", "International transportation fair in Havana Business in excess of $100 million, Granma national newspaper note", Commitment to health: resources, access and services, "The impact of the economic crisis and the US embargo on health in Cuba", American Public Health Association website, An evaluation of Four decades of Cuban Healthcare, Regional Core Health Data System – Country Profile: CUBA, Role of USA in shortage of food and medicine, United Nations World Population Prospects: 2011 revision, "Cuba tiene la menor mortalidad infantil del mundo en desarrollo, según UNICEF", https://www.rte.ie/news/2016/1128/834875-fidel-castro-death-cuba/, "Kardeş Kentleri Listesi ve 5 Mayıs Avrupa Günü Kutlaması, "Invitation for fraternization of Havana and Belgrade", Lista oraselor infratite cu municipiul Constanta, Gijón > La ciudad > Ciudades Hermandas > La Habana (Cuba), "Glasgow City Council – Twin cities of Glasgow", City of Esfahan official website – Sister Cities, Granma – En La Habana vicealcalde de la ciudad de Rotterdam, "Saint Petersburg in figures – International and Interregional Ties", "Pesquisa de Legislação Municipal – No 14471", Nos Visitó El Poder Popular De Ciudad De La Habana « Comité Local Pca-Sevilla, Escuela Latinoamericana de Ciencias Médicas, Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes de La Habana, Archaeological Landscape of the First Coffee Plantations in the South-East of Cuba, Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations, Cuban Revolutionary Armed Forces (MINFAR), Committees for the Defense of the Revolution, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Havana&oldid=1002572302, 1515 establishments in the Spanish West Indies, Articles with Spanish-language sources (es), Articles with dead external links from July 2017, Articles with permanently dead external links, Articles with dead external links from May 2016, Articles with Portuguese-language sources (pt), Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with unknown parameters, Articles with unsourced statements from June 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2012, Articles with unsourced statements from March 2016, All articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases, Articles with specifically marked weasel-worded phrases from October 2013, Articles with failed verification from June 2020, Articles containing Spanish-language text, Articles needing additional references from June 2015, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2018, Pages using Sister project links with hidden wikidata, Pages using Sister project links with default search, Wikipedia articles with MusicBrainz area identifiers, Wikipedia articles with WORLDCATID identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. [7] Walls as well as forts were built to protect the old city. Havana, by far the leading cultural centre of the country, offers a wide variety of features that range from museums, palaces, public squares, avenues, churches, fortresses (including the largest fortified complex in the Americas dating from the 16th through 18th centuries), ballet and from art and musical festivals to exhibitions of technology. With this, Cuba became the fifth country in the world to have a railroad, and the first Spanish-speaking country. The Museum of the Revolution (Museo de la Revolución), designed in Havana by Cuban architect Carlos Maruri, and the Belgian Paul Belau, who came up with an eclectic design, harmoniously combines Spanish, French and German architectural elements. [98] The Red Principal consists of 17 main lines, identified with the letter "P" with long-distance routes. La Habana Vieja was founded by the Spanish in 1519 in the natural harbor of the Bay of Havana. The stops are usually 800–1,000 metres (2,600–3,300 ft), with frequent buses in peak hours, about every 10 minutes. [105], The governor is Reinaldo García Zapata,[12] he was elected on January, 2020.[11]. In the spring of 2016, I had the opportunity to travel to Cuba with a group of 159 other architects … September 6, 2006. Havana - Havana - History: A port called San Cristóbal de la Habana was founded in 1515 by the Spanish conquistador Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar, possibly near the present town of Batabanó on the south coast of the island. The studies of geology and finance made by Cuban, Czech and Soviet specialists were already well advanced in the 1980s. After the revolution of 1959, the new régime under Fidel Castro promised to improve social services, public housing, and official buildings. [57], The National Museum of Fine Arts (Museo Nacional de Bellas Artes) is a Fine Arts museum that exhibits Cuban and International art collections. Look up words and phrases in comprehensive, reliable bilingual dictionaries and search through billions of online translations. In 1837, the first railroad was constructed, a 51 km (32 mi) stretch between Havana and Bejucal, which was used for transporting sugar from the valley of Güines to the harbor. While most museums of Havana are situated in Old Havana, few of them can also be found in Vedado. The first attack and resultant burning of the city was by the French corsair Jacques de Sores in 1555. [112][113][114] Administration of the health care system for the nation is centered largely in Havana. Glories of its rich history; the Italian tenor Enrico Caruso sang, the Russian ballerina Anna Pavlova danced, and the French Sarah Bernhardt acted. A city rapid transformation of Cuban or foreign banks it should not be summed up with the third income! Christopher Columbus were transported to the Soviet satellite states of Eastern Europe Sea port second Havana! 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